We have goddesses called Meenakshi (fish eyed) , Padmakshi (lotus eyed) , Kamakshi, Visalakshi etc - but no goddess with names like blue eyed, green eyed, brown eyed, etc. Why?

 It is not directly related. It can be inferred.

You are referring Goddesses of Sakthi Pithas/ Ten Mahavidyas.

Eyes represent Fire element in the world of creation with 5 elements.

Mahavidyas depict Energy centers with visible and invisible spectral lights.

We will see some Example of yours:

Meenakshi is Energy of Knowledge - in the of spectrum of VIBGYOR, it comes somewhere in fourth quadrant, as Blue/ Green.

Kamakshi is Raja Rajeshwari, Energy of Desire - it comes somewhere in first quadrant, as Red Orange.